The Cottingley Fairies

Two young cousins in the early 20^th century were able to pull off one of the world’s greatest hoaxes. They did this with the unsuspecting help of a famous writer.

Cottingley Beck
Where cousins saw
fairies.

Elsie Wright, 16 and her cousin Francis Griffiths, 10 lived in the small West Yorkshire village of Cottingley Glen England. They spent many hours playing at the bottom of a long garden near a beck or stream.

Francis was severely scolded one day when she returned from the beck with her shoes and dress wet--she had fallen in the stream. Elsie mentioned they enjoyed visiting the beck because there were fairies.

When the skeptical adults did not believe her Elsie borrowed her father’s camera, in July of 1917, and took a picture of Francis in order to cheer her up.

When Elsie’s father developed this plate he spotted strange shapes in front of Francis. Elsie told him these were fairies. Elsie had taken the picture to prove to the adults there were fairies near the beck.

First photo Elsie took of Francis, 1917

The girl’s stated these fairies had white bodies with pale wings of green, mauve and pink.

Second phot Francis took
of Elsie with winged
gnome.

In August, Francis then took a picture of Elsie with a winged gnome. When Elsie’s father developed this plate he suspected the cousins were playing a prank and refused to let Elsie borrow his camera again.

Despite this the girl’s managed to take three more photographs of the fairies in September.

These photos were kept within the family until Francis sent one in a letter to a friend in South Africa where she had lived before coming to England. Then Polly Wright, Elsie’s mother attended a Theosophical Society meeting in Bradford near Cottingley.

At this meeting Polly mentioned her daughter and niece had photographed fairies. This of course was considered the Holy Grail and the girl’s photos were then shared among various theosophical circles.

Third photo of Francis with fairy.
Fourth photo of Elsie with fairy.

Even though the photos looked suspiciously faked, in early 1920 they caught the attention of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

Doyle a supporter of Spiritualism firmly believed in spirits, ghosts and survival after death. He sent a theosophist friend, Edward L. Garner to investigate.

Garner pronounced them genuine and sent the photos to Doyle. Doyle asked the opinions of Eastman Company and Kodak but took Gardner’s word as truth.

Also, Elsie’s parents at the time had searched for evidence of trickery but had found none.

A clairvoyant friend Geoffrey Hobson told Doyle he had seen fairies in Cottingley. This further convinced Doyle the photos were real.

When the cousins produced three more photos Doyle was elated. He published an article in the Christmas 1920 issue of Strand Magazine with illustrations. Besides his desire to believe, he refused to believe two innocent young girls could produce such convincing trickery.

In 1922, Doyle published The Coming of the Fairies where he shared more evidence about the cousin’s encounters with the beck fairies. He stated that in future more sightings would be authenticated. He then left for Australia on a lecture tour.

When he retuned to England he found himself the “laughingstock of the press on both sides of the Atlantic.” By this time the photos had been widely circulated and proven to be fake. Doyle, now embarrassed was forced to admit that he had been duped.

It was not until fifty years after Doyle’s death that Wright and Griffiths in the 1980s finally admitted their hoax. They stated they had faked the photographs to get back at adults who had chided them for saying they played with fairies.

Cutouts alongside Princess Mary's Gift Book illustrations.

Years later, the girls stated they used cutouts taken from illustrations in Princess Mary’s Gift Book published in 1915. They then made wings and attached them to these cutouts.

Many people upon first seeing the photos had wondered why the fairies wore modern hair fashions.

The cousins stated that when Doyle had become involved, they had not wanted to embarrass him by admitting the photos were faked. Unfortunately, their silence led to an even greater embarrassment for him.

Fifth photo taken.

One interesting fact is at the time both cousins confessed to their deception, they said as girls they did actually see real fairies. Griffiths went as far as to say the fifth photo they took was not faked but real. 

The Hope Ghost Photographs: Real or Fake?

William Hope was a proclaimed British medium in the late 1800s to the early 1900s.

Hope Photo
click to enlarge

He became famous when he produced a “spirit album” with hundreds of photographs he claimed were spirits caught on camera.

In reality, Hope was just a talented photography artist. His pictures were the forerunner to photoshopping.

His success in fooling the public was in part because he was the first in a line of photographers during the 19^th century to present this kind of photograph.

Hope built his reputation on a supposed strict set of rules he followed while developing his plates. But his photos were just smoke and mirrors.

He devised a skillful way to manipulate his pictures by using a technique where one picture was superimposed onto another.

The picture above is a typical Hope spirit photo. It shows a woman’s face to the right surrounded by a cloud. She is identified as the deceased wife of the man in the photo.

He had this man sign the plate at the top to show this photo was authentic. 

Hope had this photo of the deceased wife in his possession because like all his clients he had the man above bring in a photo of his lost loved one. His excuse was he needed these photos in order to contact the deceased during séances he performed for his clients.

Hope captures an ethereal
quality in this photo with
the ghosts cloak.
click to enlarge

Unfortunately, William Hopes fraudulent practice became even more in demand after World War One when bereaved people were in search of proof that their loved ones lived beyond the grave.

Hope founded a spiritualist society known as the Crewe Circle after WWl.

In 1922, a private investigator exposed William Hope as a fraud but he continued to practice.

Other stage photographs taken during this same time depicted scenes that were even more dramatic. Using the Pepper's Ghost illusion described here.

circa 1865 ghost appears at bedside
of woman at prayer.

Hopes photos showed ghosts faces and an upper portion of the body, in contrast these stage photos presented full-bodied apparitions in their pictures.

circa 1865 a man hiding in fear
in a corner.

The living in Hope's photos never noticed the ghosts but in the stage pictures created the living not only noticed the ghosts they often were depicted as cowering in front of them in fear.